Resolving the peace and security challenges in West Africa requires locally grounded solutions, stronger regional cooperation, inclusive governance and meaningful partnerships among governments, civil society, communities and international actors.
West Africa is undergoing one of the most challenging security transitions in its post-independence history. The region faces a complex combination of terrorism, violent extremism, unconstitutional changes of government, transnational organised crime, maritime insecurity, climate-induced conflicts, cyber threats, youth unemployment, and governance deficits (Mbachu, 2025b). These interconnected threats have undermined state authority, weakened democratic institutions, disrupted socio-economic development, and threatened regional integration efforts. This paper examines the evolving peace and security environment in West Africa and explores strategic priorities, opportunities, and pathways for achieving sustainable peace and security over the next decade. Drawing upon Regional Security Complex Theory and Human Security Theory, the paper argues that security challenges in West Africa are increasingly transnational and require integrated regional responses. The paper identifies weak governance, socio-economic exclusion, climate vulnerability, and institutional fragility as key drivers of insecurity. It further assesses the roles of ECOWAS, the African Union, the United Nations, and national governments in addressing emerging threats.
